WEB DEVELOPMENT CONCEPTS 1 .   Understanding the Layers: Presentation Layer : The presentation layer is responsible for the following: Data encryption/decryption Character/string conversion Data compression Graphic handling    The presentation layer mainly translates data between the application layer and the network format. Application Layer: The application layer provides many services, including: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol File transfer Web surfing Web chat Email clients Network data sharing Virtual terminals Various file and data operations The application layer provides full end-user access to a variety of shared network services for efficient OSI model data flow.   Resource Management Layer: On top of the hardware layer, the resource management layer is responsible for both sharing of hardware resources and the enforcement of mandatory access control rules based on the available hardware resources. ...